Coca Cola Essay -- essays research papers

Coca Cola was created by Pharmacist Dr. John Styth Pemberton. He developed the formula for the famous soft drink in his backyard on May 8, 1886. Dr. Pemberton’s bookkeeper, Frank Robinson, came up with the idea for the unique cursive logo that has been the trade mark ever since. On May 29, 1886 the very first ad appeared in the Atlanta Journal: Coca-Cola. Delicious! Refreshing! Exhilarating! Invigorating! The New and Popular Soda Fountain Drink, containing the properties of the wonderful Coca plant and the famous Cola nuts. For sale by Willis Venable and Nunnally & Rawson. Dr. Pemberton died shortly after this ad and sales plummeted. Robinson didn’t want the business to fail and decided advertising was at fault- â€Å"people did not know what they were missing.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After the Coca Cola trademark had been patented, Asa G. Candler, an Atlanta businessman, purchased the rights to the product and formed the corporation, â€Å"The Coca-Cola Company.† He began the push on Coca-Cola advertising by giving thousands of tickets away for free glasses of Coca- Cola, and advertising on outdoor posters, calendars, soda fountain urns, and wall murals and making Coke available everywhere. The invention of bottling in 1894 increased availability of the soft drink.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The company hired William D’Arcy in 1906 to head up advertising and he believed that advertising should show that Coca-Cola is a part of happy times in everyday life. This type of advertising was used for decades. One of the first newspaper ads showed a picture of Ty Cobb, a baseball star up at bat and said: Something’s bound to happen—nerves a tingle—head whizzing. Crack!! Good boy Ty!! Safe!! And then you shout yourself hoarse. When it’s all over you’re hot, thirsty and limp. A cold, snappy drink of Coca-Cola will put you back in the game- relieve the thirst and cool you off. D’Arcy found this baseball ad to be a success because everyone loves baseball. He felt as though it affected the reader’s senses which made him or her feel thirsty for a Coca-Cola. Other ads that appealed to the consumer’s sense of pleasure in associations with Coke included an ideal American girl drinking Coke, business men drinking Coke aboard an American Pullman train car and young people enjoying Coke out on a boat ride. In 1929 Coca-Cola’s most famous slogan, â€Å"The Pause That Refreshes... ...ecial featuring Edgar Berger and Charlie McCarthy. Shortly after this came the sponsorship of Walt Disney’s TV premiere on Christmas Day of the same year. After fifty years D’Arcy closed its account with Coca-Cola and responsibilities for advertising was transferred to McCann-Erickson. They used everything that TV offered such as animation, stop motion and live action ads and coined the nationally known slogan â€Å"Things Go Better With Coke.† The first color ad was called the â€Å"Refrigerator-Man† and other famous TV ads were the â€Å"Hilltop† commercial, â€Å"Mean Joe Green†, and the â€Å"Northern Lights† which used the famous polar bear. In 2000 Coca-Cola launched an ambitious new international campaign using the slogan â€Å"Coca-Cola. Enjoy.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After ninety nine years Coke had become such a part of American life, that when the company tried to introduce â€Å"new Coke† the public protested so strongly that the company had to bring back the original renamed â€Å"Coca-Cola classic.† Coca-Cola and its â€Å"Red, White and You† theme and its pleasant associations with people’s everyday happy family life made it a classic symbol of America. â€Å"Unmistakably Coca-Cola. Unmistakably American.†

Financial analysis of Vodafone Group plc

Vodafone Group plc is one of the best international tele-communications organisations where its caput one-fourth located in London, UK. Vodafone is the Earth major nomadic tele-communications corporation calculated by income in add-on to the planetary big size measured by endorsers, by agencies of about 300 million. Vodafone Group plc map its set of connexions in more than 35 states and incorporate associate spouse webs in more than 40 excess states. This group have ownership of 45 % of Verizon Wireless, one of the largest nomadic tele-communications corporations in the United States of America considered by clients. Vodafone group plc recommend an impregnable assortment of goods for clients, for staff and for concern Say like Connectivity, Mobile Emails, Mobil Connect, Remote Access, Mobile Applications etc†¦ Vodafone group plc web and nomadic equipment cognize how to acquire better a wide diverseness of trade process, industry more well-organized and efficient. Vodafone group dressed ore in assorted figure of centre part, together with communications within client Mobile forces, informations collected plants and converse to the clients straight. Vodafone Plc engaged with a batch of most of import fiscal services suppliers on concern mobility on the other manus, Vodafone group are besides capable to subject application mobility to major concern procedure for fiscal services clients. Vodafone plc have a duplicate set of reply intentionally for the financial sector that will be of aid to run concern in a self-motivated and baffled advertise place. The Major Rivals of Vodafone Group Plc are Deutsche Telekom, Telephonic Europe Orange. Each one Rival has their ain scope of Policies and rules to pull client but taking all this a side Vodafone Group captured universe market and took best topographic point in the universe broad Global market The Vodafone Group Plc sets out its Business doctrine in concert with some rules to give account how they are relevant in exercising. In adding together, the Vodafone Group besides tools a figure of concern policies which be relevant to all auxiliary and combined Ventures with an involvement. Below are some of the diagnostic catalogue of policies which are the most portion that are relevant and sustainability meeting docket. For the most portion on a regular basis requested by the Vodafone Group members of the Socially responsible followers are some of the declarative list of policies: AA Benefits Charitable contributions Communicationss Complying with anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws/requirements Corporate cordial reception Employee rights Equal chances Ethical buying Health & A ; safety etc are some of the policies Vodafone Group Plc comprehend that concern require a communications associate with declaration that to extent and accommodate commercialism demands. Business requires smart phones in favor of voice, electronic mail etc†¦ Business requires a to the full incorporated declaration that make possible splintering of paperss, conferences and entree to applications from any site. no affair what the size no affair what their require, Vodafone invariably give the feeling of being for new, imaginative ways to assist the concern clients take clasp of every opportunity in a straightforward manner As Global Market responds to increase velocity challenge, administrations are looking for to derive clear and well-versed observation of the chance so with the purpose of they can put bright stakes in conditions of large concern scheme and betterment. In instruct to appreciate energetic chances, Vodafone consider administrations have to look, off from their usual skylines, and utilize new-fangled combination of merely round the corner and forethought methodological analysiss.Review of Management Account:Management histories come together with histories passages, finance passages and direction cost passages which help the administration and directors to cognize the existent fiscal passages of the administration and undertaking every bit good. Management Histories give account the fiscal cost that occurs in concern determinations Management Accounting aid in prepare concern policy, look into the disbursement of administrations and fiscal manage It helps in carry out internal organizational audits. It explain the impact of competitory MarketThe direction accounting accomplishment set:Management Accounting is merely non more about finance it is moreAA add-on to the accounting basicss. Management AccountingAA analyse in order and by agencies of doing fiscal determination. Plan to explicate concern scheme to supply prosperity and portion holder value. Identifying Hazards Supplying about budgets Communication to non fiscal directors about fiscal passageKey Method of Management Account:In today ‘s epoch itaa‚ ¬a„?s a extremely competitory concern showground, a full empathetic of the rudimentss of direction accounting had become really necessary for doing of decision-successful. Methods of Management Accounting do available all directors, managers, decision makers and finance executive with a applied methodological analysis to understand and implement direction accounts the of import three chief countries are cost accounting, difference cost accounting and answerability accounting. Concentrating a lesser sum of on line point characteristic and more on practical pertinence, this clearly printed and maintained in book that provides cardinal cognition and apprehensions what need to do perfect, end oriented determinations doing. Management accounting chiefly concentrating on cost computations. Cost Performance. Different cost add-ons. Interest Cost. Activity based cost. Variable cost. Duty construction cost. Operating budget. Measuring and describing on existent cost etc†¦ When fiscal directors line directors favour fiscal picks deprived of to the full empathic them, their company lose competitory benefit and are obstructed from attainment their filled possible. Methods of Management Account shelters each and every characteristic of critical country of the administration.Analysis of Management accounting:Vodafone Group PLCWith the aid of direction accounting existent cost direct cost and indirect cost activity done in the administration can be known. Management comptrollers look for to keep up organisation for determination devising by supplying major information sing existent cost done in the administration and the scrutiny of finance activity helps the administration for determination devising. More to state with the aid of direction accounting internal determination devising can be done appropriate To categorise and work out costs of building which helps in managerial determination doing Management accounting brand available to gauge of disbursals and besides gives information about gross coevals, Management history helps in budgeting. It make available informations on where investing pick be able to be basal.It acknowledge drawback of the administration within the organisation and outside of the administration to be in bid of costs and administrate the hard currency flow of the administration. Estimating of Overheads say like fabrication cost. It provides exact fabrication disbursals done for peculiar undertaking. Management Accounting attempt to happen chances say like to do out revenue enhancement interruptions, likely cost investings and actions done in the foreign exchange which perchance will be oppressed by the administration. So on the whole, this sort of accounting lend a manus acknowledge all the of import and chief characteristic upon where a company ‘s judgement are based on. Management accounting helps immeasurably in supervising done in the corporation and is peculiarly helpful for directors for capturing every measure and do a determination semen once more needs to be complete for each and every section. Management accounting non merely calculates the costs other than besides happen out how to costs cut the hereafter disbursals because supplying information about disbursals are really of import for in the least of every concern. With the appropriate of cost accounting procedure pricing technique of inter nexus of the organisation will be better and keep good organisation and competition will be justified. On the other manus, many important capable constructs will be originate that how costs are worn to monetary value put in the land relationship. Say like, how cost calculated and to could you reiterate that size is ordinary cost and its operating expense that are allocated assorted direction accounting theoretical accounts take history of to the full dispersed monetary value and cost methods. Jamison, make available a methodical conversation and probe of assorted and other direction accounting methods. A cardinal unsimilarity flanked by cost theoretical accounts is how cost is created utilizing cost information. Management Accounting is really of import and utile for monetary value determination. For illustration Organization sells assorted merchandises that are really important with different characteristics for this type of merchandises market leaders are traveling to repair the merchandising monetary value taking this in to consideration the pricing determination done in the organisation is straight influenced to that merchandise.Strength and failing of direction AccountingStrength of direction accounting:The most of import input of direction accounting is to extinguish the programme direction. Management accounting, the industry public presentation are maintaining up methodically by manner of well-organized readying and disposal by this means stay off from over operational working in full of activity periods. It makes possible the administration to get the uttermost homecoming on capital supplying good planning. Cost Accounting helps the direction to acquire better its service supplying to the clients by describing to a uninterrupted consequences with all the needed criterions.Weakness of Management Accounting:First, taking sides for the most portion Management Accounting cost are gauging. I can state that it is a spot tough that some may non hold the same sentiment with quantitative constructs. In realistic, direction accounting is second-hand in put together scheme, better optimal use of resources say like Man, Machinery get ready for budget declaration but at a standstill direction accounting may non assist the administration for determination devising. It good thought-out extra method of direction accounting control from side to side scrutiny and observation. This construct limits the major range of Accounting.

Highest Degree of Economy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2224 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Introduction: The republic of Chile is a wonderful country on the coast of Southern South America. It borders the South Atlantic Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru. As of July 2008, Chile had 16,758,114 people; 4.3 million of them live in the capital of the country, Santiago. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Highest Degree of Economy" essay for you Create order Chile has a surface area of 292,133 square miles. Mining is important to the Chilean economy. It has the worlds largest reserve of copper. In addition, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals, and molybdenum are also mined. Also important to the Chilean economy is forestry. Their main wood exports are pine, eucalyptus, pulp, and paper. Chile presents bountiful opportunities for investment in various industries. Compared to other South American countries, Chile offers the highest degree of economic freedom in terms of welcoming outside investment: in the 2010 index its freedom score is 77.2 making its economy the 10th freest world-side. Chile is Latin Americas fifth largest economy (BMI business forecast report Q1). Liberal investment legislation has been in place since 1974 in the country. The financial system is one of the worlds most developed: it exercises prudential lending and is continuously increasing competition in the range of financial operations by reforming capitalization requirements and shareholder obligations. It boasts the shortest time required for starting a business in the world: 27 days. The government exercises a rule-based countercyclical fiscal policy (CIA Factbook) with strict financial sector overview and cautious fiscal policy (ic.gc.ca). It is the successful financial institutions and open trade policies of the government that allow for a Chile to sustain its fast-growing, market-oriented economy. In fact, the country had an average GDP growth of 4.1% making it the fastest growing economy in the Latin American realm over the past decade. The decline of investment and spending worldwide inevitably impacted Chile as well dropping its GDP to approximately $7 billion in 2009. However, this 1.5% decrease in real GDP growth did not significantly impact the trade relationships and job-growth in the country. The spending strategies of the government actually sheltered Chile within reasonable extent from the global downturn. With exports a ccounting for nearly 50 percent of the countrys GDP, Chile maintains 57 bilateral and/or regional trade agreements including agreements with the European Union, Mercosur, China, India, South Korea and Mexico. (CIA Factbook). It also has federal trade agreements in process with Panama, Peru and Colombia with developing agreements in New Zealand, Singapore, Australia, Vietnam, Ecaudor, Malaysia and Thailand. Despite continual demand for its commodities, Chile faces several obstacles in terms of maintaining its long-term competitiveness. For a country that boasts a relatively high income population the distribution of income is vastly unequal with 38.6% of the national income allotted to ten percent of the population and about 15% of the Chilean population living below the poverty line. With the Chilean economy being led by the industrial and service sectors, it is extremely sensitive to and potentially hindered by the fluctuations in the energy security. Chilean demand for oil is estimated to account for 4.55% of the total Latin American regions demand (bmi forecast). Rising electricity costs have the potential to severely impact the energy-dependant commodity sectors especially those of forestry and mining (ic.gc.ca). Therefore, overreliance on the export of one commodity, namely copper, makes the Chilean economy very sensitive to market instability and changes. The relationship between Chile and Canada is especially significant in regards to the energy concerns of the country as Chile imports the majority of its oil and coal resources from Canada and the Canadian imports from Chile are dominated by the products of its mining industry. Of all the Free Trade Agreements Chile upholds, the Canadian FTA is one of the most important and signifies a very strong relationship both economically and politically between the countries. Chile is further constrained by the level of business, fiscal, and labor-related freedoms it grants to foreign investors relativ e to other economies. While regulatory licensing is not an issue, tasks like assigning intellectual property rights and procedures related to bankruptcy and closing a business are expensive and difficult. Still, regulations in regards to foreign versus domestic investments are transparent. The mining industry for the most popular metal and copper is composed of both private enterprises and the government. In fact, the government has an entire sector devoted to the mining industry: Ministereo de Mineria. Codelco is the largest producer of copper in Chile and in the world it is a state-owned enterprise. Economic and Financial Environment: Since 1990, Chile has implemented public policies to foster and consolidate serious and responsible macroeconomic management, greater economic openness and international integration, solid institutions and a fairer society in which all citizens can enjoy the benefits of economic development. Economic growth has been accompanied by a sharp drop in public debt, the stabilization of the countrys external accounts and an increase in its international reserves. Chile has, in other words, given clear proof of its commitment to serious and responsible economic management. These attractive advantages are further reinforced by the existence of an open economy that has meant greater competitiveness, growing international trade and rapid integration into world markets. In addition, Chiles modern telecommunications systems, its internationally competitive banking sector, its world-class public infrastructure, its high-quality services and the ready availability of skilled workers are key fa ctors that cause a favorable impression among foreign investors. Macroeconomics: The Chilean economy is widely distinguished for its track record of sustained growth. Between 1990 and 2008, it expanded at an average annual rate of 5.8% and, according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), was among the worlds thirty most dynamic economy. The Central Bank of Chile estimates that, in 2008, GDP at current prices reached US$169.5 billion, up from US$31.5 billion in 1990. Between 1990 and 2008, per capita income measured in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP) trebled to US$14,688. Annual average growth reached 7.2% between 1990 and 1998. This strong performance was temporarily interrupted in 1999 when activity contracted by 0.7%, following the Asian financial crisis and a sharp drop in the price of copper, Chiles main export. However, the contraction was short and in 2000, GDP expanded by 4.5%. Between 2001 and 2007, the economy expanded at an average annual rate of 4.3% before dropping to 3.2% in 2008. Foreign Direct Investment: Over the past quarter of a century, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has played a decisive role in Chiles economic growth and development. Incoming FDI has maintained an upward trend, helping to increase Chiles competitiveness through not only resources and new markets but also technological development. Chile has achieved widespread international recognition for its success in attracting FDI. According to the 2008 World Investment Report, published by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Chile holds third place among the ten most successful Latin American and Caribbean countries in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI). The study reported that, in 2007, Chile attracted FDI worth US$14,457 million, ranking immediately after the much larger Brazilian and Mexican economies. UNCTAD also anticipated a further increase in 2008, due to the impact of high commodity prices and the regions solid growth on the earnings of multinational companies. C hiles position as a highly attractive destination for foreign investment is due mainly to its political and economic stability, its excellent communications, its broad network of trade agreements and the legal security and stability that it offers. This is a particular advantage during crises as was seen in 1999 in the wake of the Asian crisis and in 2008 with its international economic uncertainty. In both cases, FDI in Chile reached record levels, consolidating the countrys position as a safe place to which to commit foreign capital. Between 1974 and 2008, 24.2% of total Chiles FDI originated in the United States, followed by Spain (20.8%), Canada (18.5%). During this period, the member of European Union accounted for 39.6% of total Chiles FDI. During this period, the mining sector accounted for 33.7% of gross inflows of FDI. It was followed by the electricity, gas and water sector (20.6%), services (19.1%) and manufacturing (11.6%). In the services sector, the most import ant segments were investment companies (21.8%), banks (20.0%) and insurance (15.9%). Financial System: In last report by IMF regarding financial system stability assessment, the Chilean financial system is found to be sound, flexible to shocks, and well-supervised. Banks are well capitalized, profitable, internationally integrated, and have relatively low nonperforming loans. Stress tests indicate they would absorb substantial macroeconomic shocks with only a moderate impact on their function. This was supported by a steady monetary stabilization, low single digit inflation rates, a long record of fiscal management and a comprehensive and far reaching program of financial structural reforms. In the financial area some of key initiatives included: The consistent promotion of price-indexed financial instruments; The buildup of monetary policy credibility; The introduction of comprehensive capital market reforms (the 2001 Capital Markets I law); A recent review of monetary and public debt management practices; Chiles economic performance and financial development are supported by well-functioning institution. Economic and Financial risks: Global demand: The main Chiles economic risks are external, as Chiles acceleration of economic growth is reliant on global demand, a sharper than expected decline in global economic activity would have a significant impact on export earnings, fiscal revenue, and GDP growth. A gentle slowdown of demand in major markets such as the US and China will bring a sharp decline in international prices for copper, Chiles main export, and a sharp deceleration of export growth. In the midst of the world economic slowdown, the Chilean economy should grow at a more moderate rate this year. High food and energy prices compounded by the firmness of private consumption have generated inflationary pressures that resulted in a tightening of monetary policy. Although, no country is immune to the impact of the current uncertainty in the international economy, Chile had proved itself to be on a strong footing to weather the crisis. In mid-April of 2009, the IMF forecast that Chile would escape a significant economi c contraction, thanks to the fiscal stimulus measures implemented by the government and the Central Banks reduction of interest rates. The IMF praised Chile for having run a large budget surplus over the past five years, accumulating savings that now stand it in good stead. The IMF anticipates that Chiles GDP will show virtually no change in real terms in 2009 (growth of just 0.1%) but will expand by 3% in 2010, while inflation drops to 2.9% this year before rising to 3.5% next year. Income gap: Latin America is a region well-known for its inequalities, especially in Chile where the economy has grown substantially since the mid-1980s and income disparities have remained steadily high. Chile is the richest country in Latin America in terms of GDP per capita, but it also has the highest level of income inequality which, according to the Gini coefficient, was 0.549 at the end of 2007. While Chiles economic growth has positively affected poverty levels, it has not ensured a significant reduction in inequality, while the poorest workers received higher incomes, the richest workers also received them and the income inequality has remained roughly the same throughout the last 20 years of Chiles economic growth. These sustained high levels of inequality in Chile are not necessarily associated with decreased welfare because inequality has remained steady in the presence of income increases in both rich and poor households. In other words, despite high inequality, both the lives of both rich and the poor are better due to the countrys economic growth. Most economic studies suggest that unequal income distribution is bad for economic growth. It is often emphasized that inequality can lead to inefficient policies that actually harm growth, in an attempt to compensate for severe inequality. Most often, this means the introduction of inefficient taxation for the purposes of redistribution. However, there are more ways in which inequality impedes economic growth due to its influence on the quality of economic policy triggered by social conflicts. Countries with more unequal income distributions are more likely to have characteristics and policies that are bad for growth. Economic environment summary: Strengths The country has benefited from economic expansion for the past twenty years, coupled with a relative consensus on the established economic policy pursued. The growing number of free-trade agreements has facilitated geographic diversification of exports. Political stability, quality institutions and infrastructure, and a solid financial system have fostered foreign investment in the country and its development as a regional platform. The worlds leading copper producer, Chile is endowed with abundant mining, agricultural, piscicultural (notably salmon) and forestry resources, as well as comparative advantages in those areas. Weakness The economy remains too dependent on copper exports (half total sales abroad) and low added-value sectors. To meet its energy needs the country remains dependent on foreign sources, particularly Argentine gas. The income gap still among the worlds highest due especially to disparities in the education system has been a source of social tensions. Political Environment and Risks: Legal System: Social-cultural (People) Environment and Risks: Source https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ci.html https://rru.worldbank.org/BESnapshots/Chile/default.aspx https://www.minmineria.cl/574/propertyvalue-1983.html https://www.doingbusiness.org/ExploreEconomies/?economyid=41#ProtectingInvestors https://rru.worldbank.org/BESnapshots/Chile/default.aspx https://www.oecd.org/LongAbstract/0,3425,en_2649_33763_34384329_1_1_1_1,00.html https://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/ibi-iai.nsf/eng/bi18733.html https://www.companiesandmarkets.com/Summary-Country/chile-business-forecast-report-q1-2010-195629.asp https://www.pr-inside.com/recently-released-market-study-chile-r1685337.htm https://www.heritage.org/index/Country/Chile https://www.cinver.cl/english/clima/macroeconomia_fundsolid_crecimiento.asp https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2004

Turbulence in the Mind Essay - 2302 Words

Although it is more common than schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder is considered to be â€Å"under the radar†. However it affects an estimated 6 percent of the population, over eighteen million Americans; and recent studies show that this is an understatement. The individuals suffering from borderline personality disorder are only victims of their environment, their family background coupled with their genetic predisposition and social interactions push them into a break. Although the deepest root causes are not entirely known it is a highly accepted belief that these factors play into the disorder and its severity. The signs are unmistakable; fear of being abandoned, feelings of emptiness and boredom, frequent†¦show more content†¦Borderline Personality disorder is highly prominent in the world population today. The authors of the nationally bestselling classic â€Å"I Hate You- Dont Leave Me, Jerold J. Kreisman, MD, and Hal Straus s tated â€Å"approximately 10 percent of psychiatric outpatients and twenty percent of inpatients, and between 15 and 20 percent of all patients seeking psychiatric care, are diagnosed with this disorder† (Kreisman, Straus, 2010). With such a hefty amount of people suffering from the disorder one may ask: why is it not more highly known? If you ask a man on the street about alcoholism, depression or bipolar disorder he will probably give a fairly detailed outline of the disorders. On the other hand, if you ask him about borderline personality disorder you will most likely get a blank stare. Psychologists fear borderlines. They are the most difficult to treat and avoided more than schizophrenics. The main reason for BPDs little known existence is due to the fact it is a rather new diagnosis â€Å"For years, â€Å"borderline† was used as a catchall category for patients who did not fit more established diagnoses†(Kreisman, Straus, 2010). The diagnosis was used fo r those who were more ill than neurotics but less ill than psychotics. The diagnosis was comparable to being diagnosed with the epilepsy, a vague word that can mean a number of things. Today, however, psychologists understand that the disorder is an inability to control ones emotions. The diagnosis of BorderlineShow MoreRelatedStatement of Purpose for Cfd1035 Words   |  5 Pagesproblem of turbulence remains.† ---------- A. Liebchaber Career plans and long-term goals†¦ The â€Å"teraflops† supercomputers will become common over the next decade and with the advent of a new era in the world of parallel programming, the long cherished dream of the scientific community to get a substantially deep insight into the hitherto uncanny world of turbulence will atRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Minsdsight By Daniel J. Allport850 Words   |  4 Pageswonderfully rich sea within the minds of human beings. 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Grid Independence Test Conventionally, keeping the focal point in mind, the blunt shaped reentry vehicle has been chosen for analysis. Three different grids with grid sizes 0.01, 0.001 and 0.0001 were considered. Test cases showed divergence in case of grid size 0.01, and similar criteria of convergence for both 0.001

Methods in Criminal Justice and Criminoogy Essay

Essays on Methods in Criminal Justice and Criminoogy Essay The paper "Methods in Criminal Justice and Criminology" is a good example of an essay on social science. Criminal justice research is a highly scientific method. The first question to be answered in the research design is what the researcher is trying to accomplish. This is basically called as the purpose of the research. The research can be done to explore a particular thing, evaluate the effects or simply describe a phenomenon. At the most basic level in every kind of research, there exists at least one independent variable and one dependent variable. The dependent variable is generally called as the outcome variable. Quantitative research basically involves a pattern involving the study of the relationship between these variables. Once this has been done we can then go on to explore the various research methods that are available to researchers such as survey research, experimental and quasi-experimental research, cross-sectional research, longitudinal research, time-series resear ch, and meta-analysis.Survey research consists of asking questions from a sample of respondents. These questions may be open-ended or close-ended. The survey method is generally quite efficient and inexpensive. However, this method does suffer from problems like sampling, measurement and the overall design of the survey.Experimental and quasi-experimental researches are considered to be the best form of research for criminal justice. Experiments usually have the following three features – two comparison groups, independent variable must have some variation before we go forward and assess the changes in the dependent variable and lastly there should be a random assignment to the two or more comparison groups. Experiments may even have a pre-test or a post-test. The pre-test measures the dependent variable before the experiment and the post-test measures it after the experimental intervention has been done. One example of this type of research is – Two police precincts t hat should be similar to each other are selected to study the fear of crime in their neighborhood. Both of them would be pre-tested to obtain information about the fear among the citizens. After the duration of research is over, both of them would be again post-tested to observe the change in perceptions.The cross-sectional research design involves the study of one group at a particular point in time. It basically provides information about the particular phenomenon and tells researchers about the state of affairs.The time-series design observes a single group. This research typically analyses a single variable affecting a particular group at different points of time. This type of research is extremely beneficial in studying the impact of a new program or a new method of policing introduced in the area. An example of this will be to study the murder rate in the USA over a period of 10 years.Longitudinal research is concerned with assessing the same group over a period of time and th em asses the changes that take place within the group. Panel and cohort studies are two of the commonly used longitudinal research methods. An example of this type of research is the cohort study conducted by Marvin Wolfgang about the criminal records of all boys who were born in Philadelphia in 1945 up to the age of 18.

Letter of Intent for a Language Program Free Essays

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Tesco and their motivational theories

Question: Assessment Tasks: Employees who are adequately motivated to perform will be more productive, more engaged and feel more invested in their work. When employees feel these things, it helps them, and therefore their managers, be more successful. It is a managers job to motivate employees to do their jobs well! Lawrie Mullins. It is a widely accepted notion that motivation is a primary driver of behavior. Human motivation theory describes motivation as effectively laden anticipations of desired situations that guide human behaviours toward these situations. McClelland, 1985. Are You Daunted by the Thought of Due Assignments? Avail Our Services and Receive Assignment Help from Experts. There are a number of key motivational theorists (as discussed in lectures). You are required to prepare a report for submission in week 8. The report should include the following factors: A discussion of four motivational theorists of your choice. An assessment of the techniques used to implement each of these theories to a real life organization of your choice. ( TESCO PLC) Demonstrate and determine the effectiveness of the implementation of these theories at these organizations.(this could include the implementation of any of the elements below: Discuss the degree to which the company has managed to achieve set targeted outcomes through the implementation of the motivational theory. The degree to which the company has improved its business performance in terms of market share, sales volume, profitability, customer satisfaction. The increase of employee satisfaction. The decrease of employee turnover. Prepare a range of recommendations as to how the implementation of these techniques could be improved in the future at your chosen organization. Answer: Theories For Motivation Maslows Hierarchy of Needs One replica of motivation which has attained great attention, yet not total recognition, has been brought by Abraham Maslow. This theory actually argues that people get motivated and satisfied through several different types of needs. Few of these are extra powerful than few others. Some needs are more proponent than others. Here the termprepotencymeans a concept that some requirements and needs are seen as being extra pressing as compared to others. The theory also argues that until such most pressing requirements and needs are not satisfied, all the other needs in reality have very little effect upon the entitys behavior (Fitzgerald, 1977). Maslow actually represents such prepotency of requirements and needs as a properhierarchy. Source: (Gawel, 1997) The vitally proponent needs also are shown at bottom of ladder, with the prepotency declining as one shifts upwards. Self-actualization- it is about reaching the maximum potential, and performing own best part Esteem- it is related to the respect that one attains from others, and also the self-respect, as well as recognition (Umoren, 1992) Belonging- it is regarding affiliation and acceptance plus being a part and parcel of something Safety- it relates to the physical safety as well as psychological security needs of people Physiological- it relates to the needs like hunger and thirst, sex as well as rest (Taormina and Gao, 2013) Herzbergs Dual-Factor Theory Herzberg has classified the job factors in dual categories- Hygiene factors-these are such job elements which are necessary for continuation of proper motivation at the workplace. These never lead to optimistic satisfaction in the long run yet if such factors are not present then they result in dissatisfaction. Some of ways to attain this are appropriate as well as reasonable salary structure, fringe benefits to staffs, abiding by firms rules and policies, providing good and safe work conditions as well as maintenance of staffs status and relations amongst each other (Bragg, 1982). Motivational factors-As per Herzberg, hygiene factors are the ones those cannot be felt as motivators. All motivational elements yield optimistic satisfaction. Such factors are also inherent towards work. These elements motivate staffs for a greater performance and are named as satisfiers. This type of factors is time when employee needs to be recognized as well as praised for any accomplishment or attainment, also staffs need a feeling for achievement and also should be provided with timely growth as well as promotions (Shipley and Kiely, 1986). Source: (Smith, 1979) The Mayo effect Interior or external elements might also motivate people to change otherwise develop all of their activities. For instance, an interior factor might be desire to know and learn a novel skill. This might also reward individual in optimistic way. External factors here can be include, sales targets as well as incentives. A negative motivator could be less or no pay or no rise in the salary if targets are not attained (James, n.d.). In early 1930s Elton Mayo recommended that motivation in the work place are promoted by following factors: Proper communication Efficient and coordinative teamwork Demonstrating interest in the others Taking suggestions while decision making Ensuring wellbeing of people Ensuring work being interesting as well as non-repetitive (Springer, 2008). Taylors motivational theory In the year 1911 engineer named Frederick Taylor made one of earliest theories for motivation. As per this theory, people work merely for money. In beginning years of car assembly sector, work on the production line actually was on the basis of producing quantity as well as was very much repetitive. Workers also were paid a thing called 'piece rate', which was paid for each item that was produced. This loom of paying by results in reality was seen well for business. The result was better production yet it gave very little opportunity and encouragement to the employees and made them less creative and innovative (Miner, 2007). Source: (Fisher, Erdelez and McKechnie, 2005) Tescos Initiatives Employing Maslows Herzberg theory- Tesco aims to motivate its staffs by emphasizing attention towards hygiene elements as well as through enabling the satisfiers. For instance, it aims to motivate and also empower its staffs by proper and timely interaction as well as communication, through delegating accountability and responsibility as well as involving employee in the decision making process (Lauer, 2003). It actually holds forums each year where the staffs become a part of discussions on rise of payment. This also demonstrates recognition of work that Tesco people perform and also rewards them. Employees get properly motivated to take decisions and make choices which would help in enhancement of their utilization of things (LeMon, 2000). Tesco is well known for higher payment to staffs and people here are always happy and satisfied with the salary. Such high wages as well as salaries are actual motivating factors for satisfying basic plus physiological needs for the Maslows theory. Employing Taylors theory- Employee rewards Tesco's Reward Program for its staffs has few similarities to the Taylors theory. The financial remuneration packages of the firm are basic motivating factor. Moreover, there also exist factors except money that motivates staffs in their personal as well as working lives such as support to varied lifestyles which people lead by supplying relevant as well as targeted benefits. Also some non-financial elements like desire towards serving people; improvement of personal knowledge and skills and also attainment of higher position via promotion, exist in the firm. Employees here are more actually motivated as the employer creates proper working ecology to staffs where employees sense their value for the firm and feel happy. Tesco even spends a lot behind regular training as well as development of the staffs (Pustai, 1989). Tesco measures staff satisfaction- Each year Tesco invites all its employees to participate in the survey of staff satisfaction named as Viewpoint which supplies them real opportunity to articulate their points and views on approximately every aspect related to their job. Few benefits attainable to Tescos staffs are: Lifestyle break which offers a proper 4-12 weeks off work plus guarantees job back Career break which permits staff amid 6 months to 5 years to stay away from the work with full right to return back Pension scheme which provides definite long run benefits (Peak, 1979). Employing the Mayo effect- Communication At Tesco, Mayo effect is actually seen to function all through the firm. Interaction is enormously important elements as per Mayo theory when it comes to motivate staffs. Tesco enables face to face and sole discussions with the executives and seniors, and also allows interaction through firms intranet otherwise newsletters. Line managers in the firm hold day to day Team Meeting which ensures updating of staff about current happenings for present day and also giving out of the value awards (Temminck, Mearns and Fruhen, 2013). Training development Tesco even promotes motivation via training development opportunities. Each employee in the firm has proper access totraining they require and also to the leadership training that would push them towards growth. Tesco also offers a strategic planning forcareer to support staffs in'achievement of extraordinary results'. In 2009 the firm appointed some 3,000 executives amongst which 80% were recruited internally. The firm carries discussion of annual career with each employee. Tesco has also implemented a scheme of360 degree feedback (Hammett and McMeikan, 1994). Personal development plans All Tesco staffs have their own Personal Development Plan that they build via the feedback plan which is a 360 degree program and also with many other tools. Such a fact enables the Tesco executives to offer significant feedback to staffs to help and support them as well as supply opportunities to them for constant personal development. Such an approach also helps the staffs to attain their total potential and also help them to encourage their self-assessment as well as providing progression through constant training (Newby, 2003). It even enables people to take the responsibility for all of their development. Such a dual-way relation ensures that staff is dedicated to values of firm, that he works in corporation with some other staffs and helps enhance business for the customers. Effectiveness of implementation of the theories at tesco: Tesco has exposed that through valuing their staffs the firm attains all of their practical goals as well as appealing ecological enhancement of their staffs motivation. It also means that the staff will focus extra upon the customers needs as well as will treat each of the employees fairly. Tescos reward program works analogous with the Taylors, Mayos, Herzbergs and Maslows theories. Tesco ensures total motivation of staff and through applying these theories into practice the firm attains proper success. To support overall growth, the firm requires staffs that are motivated and flexible as well as properly trained. For this application of the theories makes the firm capable of attainment of all these facts in the firms ecology and carrying of a good environment all around (Tamkin, 1996). Here is a case and incident that will prove how Tesco has attained success and good position through motivated and happy staffs. This will also looks at the way in which Tesco motivates all its empl oyees by enhancing their skills, knowledge and job satisfaction via training plus development as well as through providing pertinent and opportune reward as well as recognition. How Tesco attained the advantage: In 1980s, Tescos major focus was on generation of revenue and work culture within the firm was conquered by total fear where staffs actually were frightened of their executives and seniors. People here were hired and then immediately fired arbitrarily. The employees were not even paid properly and were not also managed well. Along with a labor force of approximately 45,000, the firms average staff turnover was seen some 75%. Approx 1000 was actually spent on each employees recruitment plus training which also added to cost of about 30 million every year. Then the firm implemented a novel strategy related to the Tesco's populace as an essential part of Tesco Steering Wheel, as the firm felt that employees were main parts for success within the firms strategies as well as attainment of goals and aims (Srivastav and Pandey, 2015). For keeping things simple, Tesco accepted many new schemes like electronic shelf labeling throughout the store, via which costs could be altered from sole cen tral point and self monitoring tills; as well as self service products, coffee shop and even merchandising of the fresh manufacture. The key findings through implementation of such strategies were as follows: Tescowas able to motivate the staffs through using excellence circles as well as team building. Tescowas able to feel that it is vital to supply staff a proper feeling of accountability leading to the empowerment. Tescoalso started believing that communication is a major part of staffs satisfaction. Tescoutilized a profit allocation as proper incentive as well as to supplied employee a proper feeling of possession of firm. Tescosrewards attained help for staffs and also raised the productivity. The above mentioned method of unswervingly asking staffs about things that motivates them seemed to be very feasible for the firm. This helped the firm to elaborately understand staffs and their feelings and also supported the firm in its proceedings. In the firm tough, competitive and also results-leaning management team came under pressure towards improvement of performance of staffs. The firm decided to do this through getting people extra involved, and through capitalizing on energy as well as experience. In answer to new openness, as well as encouragement of immediate supervisors, staffs initiated changes within production processes that were close to their jobs. The changes that were made by the firm ensured and made staffs lives simpler and also removed the annoying roadblocks, as well as correspondingly enhanced the staffs efficiencies (Srivastav and Pandey, 2015). Recommendation: Even if the workforce was seen at place and was performing well. Being a retailer the firm still needs to carry on meeting staffs expectations to make sure that job satisfaction as well as improved staff motivation plus performance is maintained in the firm. However, there are still rooms for improvement and growth in this filed for Tesco: Still there are some unsatisfied staffs and they need to be recognized by the firm The firm needs to know what its staff actually wants and then communicate with them accordingly The firm needs to continuously develop new and better idas on this path and must not stop innovating in this field The firm needs to consider that people get bored easily and thus it must change frequently with motivating factors The firm still is lacking in feedback process and needs to develop this properly. Conclusion: Motivation is very crucial in process of controlling and managing people in the workforce. Without motivation, a manger of any firm fails to attain the desired aims and goals and also fails to attain monetary values for the firm. Motivation is that driving force through which people in the firm are encouraged to perform better with each passing day. It enables people to feel committed, and feel accountable for actions that the firm does and decisions that firms take. For Tesco motivation has proved to be that important tool which has been utilized by all its managers to achieve its aims and objectives through a hurdle free path. Managers in this firm have used motivation in workplace to motivate people towards better performance, individually as well as in groups. It was also once understood that motivation lead to get generation of new ideas and novel concepts from staffs who were encouraged for two way communication in the firm. Though Tesco still needs to develop on this part it h as also taken several initiatives for the motivation of staffs which was highly appreciable. References Bragg, D. (1982). Satisfaction - dissatisfaction. Fisher, K., Erdelez, S. and McKechnie, L. (2005). Theories of information behavior. Medford, N.J.: Published for the American Society for Information Science and Technology by Information Today. Fitzgerald, R. (1977). Human needs and politics. Rushcutters Bay, N.S.W.: Pergamon Press (Australia). Gawel, J. (1997). Herzberg's theory of motivation and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. [Washington, DC]: [ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation]. Hammett, S. and McMeikan, K. (1994). Tesco Competitive Management Development. Executive Development, 7(6), pp.4-6. James, B. (n.d.). Motivation Theory. SSRN Journal. Lauer, M. (2003). Tools of the trade: Motivating employees. Perf. Improv., 42(5), pp.38-40. LeMon, C. (2000). Motivating adult employees to grow up. Employ. Relat. Today, 27(3), pp.89-98. Miner, J. (2007). Organizational behavior 4. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. Newby, D. (2003). Personal development plans: making them work, making them count. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 9(1), pp.5-10. Peak, W. (1979). Motivating Employees. IEEE Engineering Management Review, 7(3), pp.73-77. Pustai, I. (1989). Motivating Employees. AORN Journal, 50(6), pp.1254-1258. Shipley, D. and Kiely, J. (1986). Industrial salesforce motivation and Herzberg's dual factor theory. Stoke-on-Trent (College Rd., Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 2DE): North Staffordshire Polytechnic, Department of Management Studies. Smith, A. (1979). Herzberg's dual factor theory is it method bound?. St. Catharines [Ont.]: Faculty of Education, Brock University. Springer, E. (2008). Moral Feedback and Motivation: Revisiting the Undermining Effect. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 11(4), pp.407-423. Srivastav, S. and Pandey, A. (2015). Motivational theory in practice at Tesco. [online] abesit.in. Available at: https://abesit.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Motivational-theory-in-practice-at-Tesco.pdf [Accessed 12 Mar. 2015]. Tamkin, P. (1996). Practical applications for personal development plans. Management Development Review, 9(7), pp.32-36. Taormina, R. and Gao, J. (2013). Maslow and the Motivation Hierarchy: Measuring Satisfaction of the Needs. The American Journal of Psychology, 126(2), pp.155-177. Temminck, E., Mearns, K. and Fruhen, L. (2013). Motivating Employees towards Sustainable Behaviour. Bus. Strat. Env., p.n/a-n/a. Umoren, J. (1992). Maslow Hierarchy Of Needs And Obra 1987: Toward Need Satisfaction By Nursing Home Residents. Educational Gerontology, 18(6), pp.657-670.